An Omics Approach for Predicting Mutations in Protein-Metal Binding Sites

Mutations at the metal-binding sites may functionally disrupt metalloproteins, initiating severe diseases; however, there has not been an effective approach for predicting such mutations.

In this regard, investigators at the University of Hong Kong (China) developed an “omics”-based deep learning approach to predict disease-associated mutations of the metal-binding sites in a protein. Omics (such fields as genomics, proteomics, etc.) aims at the collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules that translate into the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or organisms.

The investigators began by integrating omics data from different databases to build a comprehensive computer training dataset. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that various metals had different disease associations. A mutation in zinc-binding sites had a major role in breast, liver, kidney, immune system, and prostate diseases. By contrast, mutations in calcium- and magnesium-binding sites were associated with muscular and immune system diseases, respectively. Mutations in iron-binding sites were associated with metabolic diseases. In addition, mutations of manganese- and copper-binding sites were associated with cardiovascular diseases, and copper-binding site mutations were also associated with nervous system diseases.

The investigators generated energy-based affinity grid maps and physiochemical features of the metal-binding pockets (obtained from different databases as spatial and sequential features) and subsequently incorporated these features into a multichannel convolutional neural network. After training the model, the multichannel convolutional neural network successfully predicted disease-associated mutations that occurred at the first and second coordination spheres of zinc-binding sites with an area under the curve of 0.90 and an accuracy of 0.82.

Senior author Dr. Hongzhe Sun, professor of bioinorganic chemistry at the University of Honk Kong, said, "Machine learning and AI play important roles in the current biological and chemical science. In my group we worked on metals in biology and medicine using integrative omics approach including metallomics and metalloproteomics, and we already produced a large amount of valuable data using in vivo/vitro experiments. We now develop an artificial intelligence approach based on deep learning to turn these raw data to valuable knowledge, leading to uncover secrets behind the diseases and to fight with them. I believe this novel deep learning approach can be used in other projects, which is undergoing in our laboratory."

The mettaloprotein binding site mutations paper was published in the December 9, 2019, online edition of the journal Nature Machine Intelligence.

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